Heat and Thermal Properties of Matter

Linear Expansion is dependent on temperature change and the coefficient of linear expansion.

Professor heats a bimetallic strip, made up of brass and invar. The brass expands more with this introduction, therefore it is curved on the outside.

When energy is removed, the brass shrinks faster, causing it to cave in.

This student stirs a cup of water as it is heated.

In black is what we expect the relation between temperature and the addition of heat over time to look like. In green is a more accurate representation of what occurs.

As the water heats from melting to boiling temperatures, the change in its temperature over the amount of time is linear, but it slows gradually near the phase changes.

After 60 seconds of boiling, 80 g of water had been boiled away. The change in energy over time equals the change in mass over time multiplied by the waters heat of fusion. We calculate the heat of fusion to be 220 joules per kilogram.

Steam heats up one end of a steel rod.

As the rod absorbs energy from the heat, it elongates, causing a wheel to rotate on the right end of the rod a distance equal to the change in length of the rod.

After a change of 76.7 degrees Celsius, the rod rotates through 0.192 radians. The change in length of the rod is equal to the radius of the wheel multiplied by its angular displacement. The coefficient of linear expansion is calculated to be 19 X 10^6  per degree Celsius.

For steel's coefficient of linear expansion, we calculated it to be 1.9 * 10^-5 per degree Celsius with an uncertainty of 0.9517 * 10^-5 degree Celsius. This encompasses the actual accepted value which is 1.2 * 10^-5 per degree Celsius.

Our calculations for the final temperature of a 790 g block of ice at -5 degrees Celsius after 215 kj are added to it. The heat is enough to bring the ice up to melting temperature, creating an ice bath.

We calculate that 850 g of water at 22.0 degrees Celsius is the amount of water that will freeze to a final temperature of 0 degrees Celsius when poured over a 255 gram block of ice at -12.0 degrees Celsius.

As I blow into a straw filled with water, the water rises on the other end.

The pressure needed to raise an amount of water in a tube by a given height is equal to its density multiplied by the height change and gravity.